Table 2 Study characteristics
Study | Surgery | Age (years) | No.of patients (male/female) | ASA | FiO2(%) | TV (ml/kg) | PEEP (cmH2O) | LRM (Ultrasound-guided) | LRM (Control) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lee 2020 | Simple, superficial surgeries | ≤ 6 years | 86 (34/52) | N | 0.4 | 8 | 5 | The recruitment maneuver was performed under ultrasound guidance,a steady airway pressure of 15 cmH2O, with 5 cmH2O increments in PEEP until a peak pressure of 30 cmH2O was achieved | The recruitment maneuver was performed by maintaining a steady airway pressure of 15 cmH2O, with 5 cmH2O increments in PEEP until a peak pressure of 30 cmH2O was achieved |
Song 2017 | Elective minor surgery | ≤ 1 years | 40 (25/15) | I–II | 0.4 | 8 | 5 | The recruitment maneuver was performed after each lung ultrasound examination; a stepwise increase in airway pressure from 10 cmH2O by 5 cmH2O increments was applied manually | None |
Park 2021 | Laparoscopic gynaecological surgery | N | 40 (0/40) | I–II | 0.4 | 8 | 5 | Manual inflation was applied until no collapsed areas were visible on the ultrasound | The recruitment maneuver was performed by manual inflation with a pressure of 30 cmH2O for 10 s |
Liu 2022 | Laparoscopic gynecologic surgery | 18–65 years | 41 (0/41) | I–II | 0.4 | 6–8 | 6 | The maximum airway pressure was set to start at 10 cmH2O and gradually increased by 5 cmH2O until the collapsed lung area was not visible on ultrasound | None |
Jang 2020 | Elective non-cardiac surgery in the prone position | < 3 years | 40 (20/20) | N | 0.4 | 6 | 7 | Alveolar recruitment to restore FRC with 30–40 cmH2O of continuous positive airway pressure via a closed system for approximately 5–10 s | None |
Yang 2021 | Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal carcinoma | ≥ 60 years | 40 (30/10) | I–III | 0.4 | 6–8 | 4 | The recruitment maneuver was performed with a gradual rise in airway pressure from 10 cmH2O to 5 cmH2O increments and it was applied manually until no collapsed lung areas were visible on the sonogram | None |
Acosta 2018 | Non-emergency and non-thoracic surgery | 6 months–7 years | 42 (36/6) | I–II | 0.5 | 6 | 5 | The recruitment maneuver was performed after a lung ultrasound examination.PEEP was increased in steps of 5 cmH2O, from 5 to 15 cmH2O, every three breaths. The target recruitment pressure of 30 cmH2O was maintained for 10 breaths | None |
Acosta 2021 | Non-emergency and non-thoracic surgery | 6 months–7 years | 41 (26/15) | I | 0.4 | 7 | 5 | The recruitment maneuver was performed after a lung ultrasound examination.PEEP was increased in steps of 5 cmH2O, from 5 to 15 cmH2O, every three breaths. The target recruitment pressure of 30 cmH2O was maintained for 10 breaths | None |
Acosta 2020 | Non-emergency and non-thoracic surgery | 6 months–5 years | 40 (27/13) | I–II | 0.5 | 6 | 5 | Ventilation was turned to pressure control ventilation using a driving pressure of 12 cmH2O and PEEP of 10 cmH2O, but they were immediately and sequentially placed: (1) in the left lateral position (90 s), (2) in the right lateral position (other 90 s), (3) back to the supine position | None |